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Exam Code: JN0-649
Certification: JNCIP-ENT (Juniper Networks Certified Professional Enterprise Routing and Switching)
Format: 65 multiple-choice questions
Duration: 120 minutes
Passing Score: Approximately 65–70% (subject to change)
Delivery: Pearson VUE testing centers or online proctored
Validity: Certification is valid for three years

- Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):
- Link-state database (LSDB) and flooding mechanisms
- OSPF packet types: Hello, Database Description (DBD), Link-State Request (LSR), Link-State Update (LSU), Link-State Acknowledgment (LSAck)
- LSA types (e.g., Router, Network, Summary, External, NSSA External)
- Area types: Backbone (Area 0), Stub, Totally Stubby, Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA)
- OSPF authentication (plain text, MD5)
- Virtual links and route summarization
- OSPF troubleshooting (e.g., neighbor adjacency issues, route filtering)

- IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System):
- IS-IS levels (Level 1, Level 2, Level 1-2)
- TLVs (Type-Length-Value) and PDU types (Hello, LSP, CSNP, PSNP)
- Designated Intermediate System (DIS) election
- Wide metrics vs. narrow metrics
- IS-IS authentication and route leaking
- Troubleshooting IS-IS adjacency and routing issues

- LSDB, LSA, SPF (Shortest Path First), DR/BDR (Designated Router/Backup Designated Router), ABR (Area Border Router), ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Router), NET (Network Entity Title), CLNS (Connectionless Network Service), route redistribution.

- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
- Description: Configuring and troubleshooting BGP in enterprise environments, focusing on both internal (iBGP) and external (eBGP) peering.

- BGP attributes: AS Path, Next Hop, Local Preference, MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator), Origin, Community
- BGP message types: Open, Update, Notification, Keepalive
- iBGP vs. eBGP peering rules and route reflection
- Confederations and route reflectors for scalability
- BGP path selection process
- Route filtering using prefix lists, route maps, and communities
- BGP multipath and load balancing
- Troubleshooting BGP (e.g., peering issues, missing routes, attribute manipulation)

- Autonomous System (AS), BGP neighbor states (Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, Established), route reflector, confederation, flap damping, BGP next-hop resolution, graceful restart.

- IP Multicast
- Multicast addressing (IPv4: 224.0.0.0/4, IPv6: FF00::/8)
- IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) versions (v1, v2, v3)
- PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) modes: Dense Mode, Sparse Mode, Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)
- Rendezvous Point (RP) configuration: Static, Auto-RP, Bootstrap Router (BSR)
- Any-Source Multicast (ASM) vs. Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)
- Multicast distribution trees: Shared Tree (*,G), Source Tree (S,G)
- Troubleshooting multicast (e.g., RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) failures, group membership issues)

- Multicast group, IGMP snooping, PIM register messages, RPF check, mroute table, shortest-path tree, shared tree, DR (Designated Router) for multicast.

- Ethernet Switching and Virtual LANs (VLANs)
- Description: Configuring and troubleshooting advanced Ethernet switching features on Juniper EX and QFX series switches.

- VLAN configuration and tagging (IEEE 802.1Q)
- Access vs. trunk ports
- Private VLANs (PVLANs): Isolated, Community, Promiscuous ports
- Virtual Chassis and Virtual Chassis Fabric (VCF)
- Data Center Interconnect (DCI) using EVPN (Ethernet VPN)
- Spanning Tree Protocols: STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP
- Link Aggregation Groups (LAG) and MC-LAG (Multi-Chassis LAG)
- Troubleshooting switching issues (e.g., VLAN misconfiguration, loop prevention)

- VLAN ID, tagged/untagged frames, Q-in-Q tunneling, BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), root bridge, LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol), MAC learning, flooding, EVPN-VXLAN.

- Layer 2 Authentication and Access Control
- Description: Implementing security features for Layer 2 networks.

- 802.1X authentication (port-based network access control)
- MAC RADIUS authentication
- Captive portal for guest access
- Dynamic VLAN assignment
- Storm control and rate limiting
- DHCP snooping and ARP inspection
- Troubleshooting authentication and access control issues

- Supplicant, authenticator, authentication server, EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol), RADIUS, port security, DAI (Dynamic ARP Inspection), IP source guard.

- Protocol-Independent Routing
- Description: Configuring and troubleshooting routing features that are independent of specific routing protocols.

- Static routes and aggregate routes
- Route preference and administrative distance
- Filter-based forwarding (FBF)
- Routing instances (virtual routers, VRFs)
- Load balancing and ECMP (Equal-Cost Multipath)
- Troubleshooting routing table issues

- Next-hop types (direct, indirect, reject, discard), qualified next-hop, routing policy, VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding), ECMP hashing, route resolution.

- High Availability (HA)
- Description: Implementing and troubleshooting high-availability features for enterprise networks.

- Graceful Routing Engine Switchover (GRES)
- Non-Stop Active Routing (NSR)
- Non-Stop Bridging (NSB)
- Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
- Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
- Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for redundancy
- Troubleshooting HA configurations

- Primary/backup Routing Engine, VRRP priority, preemption, BFD timers, NSR state replication, GRES synchronization, LAG redundancy.

- Network Management and Monitoring
- Description: Managing and monitoring Juniper devices in enterprise networks.

- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) configuration
- Syslog and event logging
- NetFlow/sFlow for traffic monitoring
- Junos Space and Contrail Enterprise Multicloud for network management
- Packet capture and analysis (e.g., using monitor traffic)
- Troubleshooting network performance issues
- Key Terminologies:
- MIB (Management Information Base), trap, syslog severity levels, flow records, packet sampling, RPM (Real-time Performance Monitoring), SLA (Service Level Agreement).

- Advanced Security Features
- Description: Implementing security mechanisms to protect enterprise networks.

- Firewall filters (ACLs) and policers
- Security policies and zones
- Unified Threat Management (UTM): Antivirus, Web filtering, IPS
- Screen options for DoS protection
- Troubleshooting security policy issues

- Stateful firewall, stateless firewall, security zone, ALG (Application Layer Gateway), DoS (Denial of Service), IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention System), policer bandwidth limits.

- Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Automation
- Description: Understanding modern networking trends, including SDN and automation, as they apply to Juniper platforms.

- SDN concepts and Junipers Contrail Enterprise Multicloud
- Network automation using Python, PyEZ, or Ansible
- YANG data modeling and NETCONF
- EVPN-VXLAN for data center fabrics
- Troubleshooting SDN and automation scripts

- SDN controller, overlay/underlay networks, VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), BGP EVPN, API (Application Programming Interface), RPC (Remote Procedure Call), telemetry.

- Advanced Junos Enterprise Routing (AJER): Covers advanced routing protocols (OSPF, IS-IS, BGP) and policies.
- Advanced Junos Enterprise Switching (AJEX): Focuses on Ethernet switching, VLANs, and data center technologies.
- IGPs: LSDB, LSA, SPF, DR/BDR, ABR, ASBR, NET, CLNS, route redistribution.
- BGP: AS Path, Next Hop, Local Preference, MED, route reflector, confederation, flap damping.
- IP Multicast: Multicast group, IGMP, PIM, RPF, mroute, shared tree, source tree.
- Ethernet Switching: VLAN, 802.1Q, PVLAN, Virtual Chassis, EVPN, STP, LAG, MC-LAG.
- Layer 2 Security: 802.1X, MAC RADIUS, DHCP snooping, ARP inspection, storm control.
- Protocol-Independent Routing: Static route, VRF, ECMP, FBF, route preference.
- High Availability: GRES, NSR, NSB, VRRP, BFD, LACP.
- Network Management: SNMP, syslog, NetFlow, sFlow, Junos Space, packet capture.
- Security: Firewall filter, security zone, UTM, DoS screen, policer.
- SDN/Automation: SDN, VXLAN, EVPN, PyEZ, NETCONF, YANG, telemetry.