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Exam Number: WCA-101
Exam Name: Wireshark Certified Network Analyst
Number of Questions: 50-60
Time allotment: 120 minutes

- Open, save, and close files, and export specified packets.
- Describe the difference between different capture file formats, especially pcap and pcapng.
- Export objects from packet captures.
- Use 'Find Packet' to locate packets of interest.
- Use the packet and file comments feature.
- Set/Unset time reference.
- Apply different time formats in a capture.
- Describe how Wireshark applies different name resolution options.
- Configure name resolution.
- Use 'Decode as' feature.
- Use 'Capture File Properties' to identify key information about the capture.
- Use 'Protocol Hierarchy' to identify key protocols in a capture.
- Use 'Conversations' to identify key communications in a capture.
- Use 'Endpoints' to analyze host traffic in a capture.
- Create and interpret an I/O graph that shows packets/s or bits/s for a given display filter.
- Distinguish between real bytes captured and fields generated by the Wireshark dissectors. (shown in [ ])
- Use 'Follow TCP/UDP' stream

- Utilize different methods of Capturing Traffic
- Compare and contrast the benefits of different methods used for traffic capture. (Direct on Endpoint, Network Tap, Infrastructure Device, Port Mirror, Multi-Point Capture)
- Select the appropriate interface to capture traffic in Wireshark.
- Start/Stop/Restart Capture in Wireshark.
- Limit capture by file size, packets, or duration.
- Implement a Ring Buffer.
- Save a capture.
- Export specified packets to a new file.
- Capture traffic using command line tools.
- Describe the purpose of using promiscuous or monitor mode during a capture.

- Filter traffic using capture and display filters.
- Compare and contrast Display Filters and Capture Filters.
- Implement a Capture Filter to capture only traffic from a single protocol, IP address, MAC address, or port (range).
- Use multiple methods to create a Display Filter to isolate traffic for a single protocol or a property of a protocol. (manual entry, right click, drag/drop)
- Use membership filters (tcp.port in {80,443} )
- Use logical operators to connect multiple filters together.
- Create a button for easy access to a Display Filter.
- Identify situations where a Display Filter will show incomplete or excess results (i.e. filter for HTTP, but do not see the TCP handshake)
- Identify the behavior of using ! (not) in different parts of filter logic by explaining the implicit 'any' and 'all' qualifiers.
- Apply filters from Statistics > Conversations and Statistics > Endpoints.
- Create a filter using generated fields in Wireshark.

- Configure, adapt, and use the Wireshark interface for different scenarios.
- Identify key components of the GUI (packet list, hex view, packet details, etc.).
- Modify panes with a different layout/features.
- Describe the value of using profiles.
- Create/modify/copy a profile.
- Describe the importance of columns in troubleshooting.
- Use multiple methods to add a column.
- Use coloring rules to highlight packets.
- Use the minimap (colored sidebar) to quickly locate packets of interest.
- Use the 'Colorize Conversation' feature.
- Understand the importance of protocol preferences in your analysis.
- Use the mark/unmark packet feature.

- Identify and explain common network protocols dissected by Wireshark
- ETHERNET
- Identify Fields of Ethernet frame.
- Describe minimum and maximum frame sizes.
- Explain why the CRC is missing from Ethernet frame in Wireshark.
- Identify common Ethertypes (IPv4, IPv6, ARP).
- Distinguish between Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast MAC addresses.
- Describe how the frame header is modified to accommodate VLAN tags.
- ARP
- Describe the purpose of the ARP protocol.
- Identify and explain the purpose of different types of ARP packets.
- Create filters for different types of ARP traffic.
- Describe the difference between a broadcast ARP and a unicast ARP.
- IPv4
- Describe common features of the IP protocol.
- Describe header values of the IP protocol (TTL, Fragmentation, Packet Length, ProtocolID, IP ID).
- Describe public, private, multicast and APIPA IP address ranges.
- Describe how NAT works and why this should be considered when capturing andanalyzing network traffic.
- Identify and explain the purpose of the IP TTL field.
- Predict most likely distance, in hops, from the capturing device.
- Describe different IP identification strategies and how to use them in troubleshooting.
- ICMPv4
- Identify ICMP message types and their purpose.
- Identify the IP packet which triggered an ICMP error message or reply.
- IPv6
- Identify types of IPv6 addresses (Link Local, Global Unicast, Multicast).
- ICMPv6
- Identify and explain components of neighbor/router discovery protocol.
- Identify and explain purpose of Neighbor Advertisements/Solicitations.

- Identify and explain common network protocols dissected by Wireshark.
- UDP
- Identify UDP traffic.
- Identify higher layer protocols which use UDP.
- Describe the UDP stream id and conversation timestamps.
- Describe why UDP is used in multicast or broadcast IP traffic.
- DHCPv4
- Identify and describe the 4 phases (DORA).
- Describe the different purposes of a 'DHCP Request' message.
- Identify DHCP options and parameters (router, dns, subnetmask, custom options).
- Describe APIPA and how it relates to DHCP.
- DNS
- Identify DNS requests and replies.
- Use DNS information to identify relevant traffic.
- Distinguish between different DNS record types.
- TCP
- Describe the components of a 3 way handshake.
- Describe different methods TCP session are torn down.
- Explain how iRTT is measured.
- Describe and calculate Maximum Segment Size(MSS).
- Describe how TCP flags are used to establish and tear down a TCP session.
- Explain how sequence and acknowledgment numbers are used to maintain reliability.
- Explain TCP options and their purpose.(EOL, NOP, MSS, SACK, DSACK, Window Scaling)
- Describe the purpose of a DUP ACK.
- Identify the byte range of missing segments based on a DUP ACK with SACK or DSACK.
- Describe what each line represents in a TCP Stream Graph.
- Describe the purpose of TCP reassembly in Wireshark.
- Describe the TCP stream id and conversation timestamps.

- Use Wireshark to troubleshoot common issues with protocols listed above
- Determine network topology only using information in a packet capture.
- Perform TCP sequence and acknowledgment number analysis.
- Distinguish server performance from slow transfer times (for instance in HTTP).
- Identify the effect of high RTT on request/response protocols. (For example: HTTP, SMB,SQL)
- Identify the effect of a low window size in combination with high RTT.
- Given a capture, identify potential network communication issues using information from ARP, DHCP, and ICMP.